“The government is pursuing initiatives such as Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) and various actions under the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). These measures include using alternative and organic fertilisers to enhance productivity and sustainability,” the document stated.
Digital initiatives like the Digital Agriculture Mission and the e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) have also been launched to encourage the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies and improve price discovery mechanisms.The government, the Eco Survey highlighted, also provides income support to farmers through assured remunerative prices for their produce, alongside programs such as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN). The Kisan Credit Card scheme has expanded its coverage to fisheries and animal husbandry.
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Sustainable farming initiatives have gained traction with the NADEP composting programme in Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, which transforms biodegradable waste into organic fertiliser. Rain-fed Area Development programme, integrated into the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, has developed and conserved natural resources, supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Government policies have also focused on boosting agricultural productivity through increased investment in irrigation, post-harvest management, and diversification into high-value crops. The Per Drop More Crop initiative under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana has significantly improved water efficiency, covering 95.58 lakh hectares with micro-irrigation projects.
The government has raised the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Nutri cereals, pulses and oilseeds. For FY25, the MSP of Arhar and Bajra witnessed hikes of 59% and 77%, respectively. The MSP for Masur and rapeseed has been increased by 89% and 98%.
The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, which acts as a safety net against crop losses, saw an all-time high acreage and farmer enrolment.
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Ground-level credit to agriculture has also seen robust growth, rising from ₹8.45 lakh crore in 2014-15 to ₹25.48 lakh crore in 2023-24, with small and marginal farmers receiving a larger share of institutional credit.
The Economic Survey, presented by the Union Finance Ministry, evaluates the nation’s economic health using key indicators. It reviews the past fiscal year’s performance and outlines projections for growth, inflation, forex reserves, and trade deficits. As a crucial policy document, it sets the stage for economic planning.
Compiled by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs under the Chief Economic Advisor’s (CEA) guidance, the survey is traditionally tabled in Parliament the day before the Union Budget.
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