Merck said patient safety and ethical integrity are priorities of its clinical research program and it follows all global guidelines. AbbVie declined to comment.
A spokesperson for China’s embassy in the US in an email said that there is ”nothing credible” in the committee’s actions and China opposes moves to politicise trade and tech issues.The letters note that Xinjiang is the epicenter of Beijing’s ”genocide” targeting Uyghurs and other ethnic and religious minorities. They say Chinese researchers have documented lapses in securing informed consent from trial participants.
The Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act of 2021 does not specifically address clinical trials, but it reflects best practices given the ethical risks of making sure operations do not involve forced labour, the letters said.
”Through a combination of regulatory reforms, state subsidies, and (at best) questionable ethics, China has transformed itself into the cheapest and fastest place in the world to run early-stage human drug trials,” the letters said.
China in recent years has outstripped the US in trial volume. By 2024, the US share of global early drug development programs had dropped to around 37% from 48% in 2015, while China’s share rose to over 32% from 8%, according to one study.
The Merck and AbbVie investigations are the latest sign of growing US government concern over China’s role in the biotech industry. The National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology in a December report warned that ”China has systematically built a vertically integrated biotechnology ecosystem that is now in prime position to challenge US leadership.”
The letters to AbbVie CEO Robert Michael and Merck CEO Robert Davis say that ”while there is no evidence” that either company ”has engaged in illegal activity or wrongdoing, conducting clinical trials in China … exposes American companies to ethical and security risks.”
The committee said New Jersey-based Merck has sponsored or collaborated in 224 clinical studies in China since 2005, including at least 31 trials in Xinjiang and 40 at medical centers and hospitals affiliated with China’s military.
It said Illinois-based AbbVie has sponsored or collaborated on more than 100 clinical studies in China since 2007, including at least 17 sites in Xinjiang and 16 at military centers.
”Conducting this research at PRC military hospitals puts the cutting-edge biotechnology Intellectual Property of American companies at potential risk of being transferred to the Chinese military,” the letters said.
Moolenaar is also sponsoring a bipartisan bill, the Biotech Investment National Security Act, that would amend last year’s Comprehensive Outbound Investment National Security Act to add biotech to a list of screened technologies. The legislation would require outbound US biotechnology licensing deals, joint ventures and equity investments in China to be subject to strict national security review.
The Biosecure Act, signed into law by the US President Donald Trump late last year, restricts federal agencies’ business dealings with non-US biotechnology companies.
